Acid Rain1 Essay Example For Students

Corrosive Rain1 Essay For corrosive downpour to frame, a few distinct synthetic substances must be discharged into the air. The essential contaminations (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and hydrocarbons) respond with daylight to make ozone. This produces sulfuric corrosive (H2SO4) and nitric corrosive (HNO3.) These acids are put away in mists, and when it downpours, you have corrosive downpour. Another way corrosive downpour can be framed is by the consuming of Fossil Fuels. Petroleum derivatives are coal and oil from disintegrated trees and plant material from a great many years prior. Petroleum derivatives are singed to produce power, discharging toxins into the air. The spots which get hit the hardest by corrosive downpour are Norway, Sweden and Canada. Yet, that doesnt imply that they are creating everything. Most poisons that form into corrosive downpour originate from Canada, Japan, the United States and Western Europe. Today, Britain discharges nearly as much sulfur dioxide as all of Western Europe consolidated. Japan is the main nation where force plants are required to diminish nitrogen oxide by at any rate 75%, however the U.S. likewise has new contamination norms. These necessitate that every new vehicle have a convertor to diminish the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons by as much as 96%. As I previously stated, corrosive downpour doesn't generally fall where it is created. Frequently, the mists that the acids are put away in get overwhelmed a huge number of miles. Corrosive can be moved by mists, yet by mist, gases, fog and residue too. All downpour has a characteristic corrosive in it, that would be there regardless of whether we had never contaminated the earth. It is a kind of corrosive from the carbon dioxide as of now noticeable all around. This normal corrosive helps break down minerals, which lets plants use them all the more without any problem. The EPA, or the Environmental Protection Agency, tests water and decides its nature. Despite the fact that they have tri ed a significant part of the U. S., 78 % of streams and 33 % of lakes are still to be tried. The EPA likewise decides whether the water they test is dead, weakened, or sensibly perfect. In light of state reports, just 15 % of waterways and 38 % of lakes are not hindered. Out of an EPA rundown of 18,770 weakened water destinations, just 529 of them are dirtied generally by harmful point sources. A harmful point source is contamination from only one source, and non-point source contamination is ground run-off from a few or a wide range of spots. A lake which is dead is a lake with positively no life in it at all. By the mid 1980s, countless lakes were at that point dead. On the off chance that corrosive downpour isn't halted, 500,000 lakes will be dead before the year 2000. Corrosive downpour is a significant danger to all life all over. Measures have been taken to clean the United States water, for example, the Clean Water Act, a law went in 1972. The CWA guaranteed clean water for t he whole U. S. by 1983. It has been a long time since the cutoff time, however our water is as yet dirtied. Another approach to test water is the pH factor, which you could do at home in the event that you had a pack. It estimates water and different fluids on a scale 0-14, 0 being the most noteworthy causticity and 14 being the least. Corrosive downpour does a great deal of harm, to creatures, nature and even our own stone structures. Aluminum causes melody winged creatures to lay meager eggshells, hurting the youthful feathered creatures inside in a few different ways. The coniferous trees in a woodland are hit more diligently than different trees, despite the fact that they may not show how seriously they were hit. In Germany and Sweden, they need to spread lime over lakes to kill the causticity. Corrosive downpour is one more of the numerous awful, maybe accidental issues that individuals have made. Similarly as with a considerable lot of them, when we understand it is risky to us and nature, it is either past the point of no return, or we dont realize how to stop it. Ideally we will keep on attempting to tidy up our air and water before its past the point of no return. .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e , .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e .postImageUrl , .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e , .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e:hover , .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e:visited , .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e:active { border:0!important; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e:active , .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e:hover { murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u6e3addc 2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Lottery, a short story composed by Shirley Jackson, is a story of upsetting evilness Essay Bibliography:Bibliography Cochrane, Jennifer. Water Ecology Bookwright Press New York, NY 1987, p 16. Gay, Kathlyn. Water Pollution Impact 1990, p. 72. Parfit, Michael. Pained Waters Run Deep National Geographic Magazine. National Geographic Society Vol. 184 No. 5A (Special Edition), 1993, pp. 78, 79, 81, 82, 84. Corrosive Rain Comptons Encyclopedia. Comptons Learning Co. Chicago, IL Vol. 1 An Anhui, 1980. Corrosive Rain Its Effect on Wildlife Fact-record Wildlife Fact File Group 11, Card 5, 1992

Performance Management Plan Essay

Execution the executives plans are significant to any business. The primary focal point of a compelling presentation the executives plan ought to be the worker, yet so as to adjust representative execution to authoritative objectives, we should likewise take a gander at the establishment of the hierarchical structure. This is significant on the grounds that it will characterize the course where an exhibition plan will control a worker. Right now Clapton Commercial Construction is an effective business, working out of Michigan. The extension of a previously flourishing hierarchical atmosphere ought to be genuinely smooth, and with our direction we will guarantee that the fitting contemplations are obliged, such development to an alternate state, Arizona, and including of 20% more representatives. Subsequent to investigating your present execution the executives plan, I might want to make the accompanying proposals: Hierarchical objectives At the point when we contrasted your current hierarchical objectives with your current execution the executives plan, we saw that there were at that point effectively settled apparatuses for actualizing preparing just as estimating worker fulfillment, proficiency, and profitability. Preparing to the associations wanted outcome is basic and having the option to quantify achievements along the way is similarly as significant. Preparing Preparing a various gathering of workers makes the requirement for a few diverse preparing modalities. Gathering trainings function admirably in light of the fact that it takes into consideration data to be heard by the majority. The normal defeat to this is numerous people learn in various manners. So having differs approachesâ ensures a higher achievement rate. Littler center gatherings function admirably to arrive at others on an increasingly cozy level. The most significant factor in preparing, other than the preparation itself, is the capacity to quantify the aftereffects of the profitability that the preparation has made. By-yearly assessments that assess key factors in the preparation help to put a quantitive incentive on creation as well as on practices. Documentation is significant too, in light of the fact that it records a standard that was set during key arranging that assessments ought to be estimated against. Correspondence One of the key segments of a really compelling exhibition the board plan is correspondence. Setting up and keeping up this is basic since supervisors need to feel associated with their representatives and tight clamp versa. Input is an enormous piece of our arrangement proposal since it will help with imparting the recognized holes underway. At present your turnover rate is at 20%. Our objective with building up better correspondence among the board and representatives is to see that rate recoil. Criticism and instructing will has been demonstrated to add to representative fulfillment (OPM.gov). Open correspondence takes into consideration those inside the association to create solid working connections, which will bring about a constant progression of criticism and instructing. The 20% representative expansion in this extension is an extraordinary chance to join more worker interest in the further improvement of the presentation the board plan. Including representatives in this proc edure with not just make a feeling of proprietorship in the work that the worker puts out, yet will likewise make it feasible for representatives to assume liability for their own learning and advancement inside the organization. End Taking everything into account, I might want to that Clapton Commercial Construction for trusting Atwood and Allen to help with our skill in your undertaking to make an effective execution the executives plan. As you develop and start actualizing this arrangement, we will catch up with assessments to recognize aptitude holes and figure goals to correct them in like manner. References WWW.OPM.GOV [performance management] 2015

How To Write A Thesis

How To Write A Thesis How To Write A Thesis Nowadays, not knowing how to write a thesis is one of the major problems students may face in their academic studies. Thesis itself is a very significant part of the writing process and requires certain writing skills and experience in order to be constructed. Here, at.com, we are able to show you how to write a good thesis that will impress your professor and get you a high grade. How To Write A Thesis Statement Our team of qualified writers knows how to write a thesis statement and will gladly assist you in working your way up to academic success. Regardless of the complexity of the studied discipline or of a given topic, our company is able to provide you with some of the best pieces of writing, assisting and guiding you in learning how to write a good thesis statement. The main goal of the thesis is to summarize and put forward to the reader the main idea of the whole paper; that is why knowing how to write a thesis sentence is that essential ground that all the paper writing process is based on..com employs a team of highly qualified and experienced writers, who hold a high level of expertise in showing how to write a good thesis statement. They have already completed a great number of different papers and will put their best effort in giving you a wonderful example of how to write a thesis statement that will make your paper stand out and be one of a kind. No matter if you inquire into how to write a thesis proposal or are wondering how to write a thesis outline, we will always be here for you to provide our 24/7 guidance, support and writing help..com is able to meet the demands of the most sophisticated customers, completing papers of various length and complexity. We take in consideration all customers’ instructions, requirements and requests, and are able to complete orders in a short time frame and with pressing deadlines. Your academic excellence is our primary concern. For this reason, we are more than willing to show you either how to write a master thesis or how to write a PHD thesis, submitting outstanding papers in both cases. Our 24/7 support will ensure the straight forward communication flow between you and the writer, taking care of all the concerns and possible misunderstandings. We treat each and every customer with due attention and respect as we understand that the lives of the contemporary students are snowed up with emerging concerns. T hat is why we consider it as our primary responsibility to teach you how to write a good thesis or how to write an essay that is bound to benefit your educational career.

Aging And Young Blood - 944 Words

Aging is an important factor that impairs humans’ brains structurally and functionally thus leads to cognitive disorders which negatively affect elder people’s normal life. Previous studies have shown that exposing aged animals to young blood can enhance stem cell function in various organs such as liver and brain. Inspired by these studies, Villeda and co-researchers want to find out if exposure to young blood can counteract age-related impairments and enhance aged brains. In Young blood reverses age-related impairments in cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in mice, Villeda and co-researchers work with mice to study the effects of exposure to young blood on the aged mice’s brains. Villeda’s research focuses on the hippocampus, a†¦show more content†¦They then use Golgi analysis to assay for the structural changes that regulate synaptic plasticity in hippocampi of the two groups of parabionts. The result shows that exposure to young blood increases the number of dendritic spine in the aged DG of heterochronic parabionts compared to isochronic parabionts but does not affect dendritic complexity. Next, they address functional changes in the hippocampi with extracellular electrophysiological recordings of field population spikes on hippocampus slices. The calculated long-term potentiation (LTP) values of heterochronic parabionts, which reflect learning and memory abilities, remain above baseline level, while isochronic parabionts’ LTP values reach baseline level later. Synaptic strength shows no difference between the two groups. Villeda and co-researchers suggest that exposure to young blood improves synaptic plasticity level in aged hippocampi. To prove the decline of learning and memory abilities of aged mice and verify the enhancement at functional level caused by exposure to young blood, Villeda and co-researchers set up two cognitive testings, contextual fear conditioning and radial arm water maze (RAWM). T he unpaired aged mice are divided into two groups, with one group injected with young plasma and the other injected with agedShow MoreRelatedEssay On Aging1000 Words   |  4 PagesYoung blood reverses cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in aging Aging causes structural and functional changes in brain. As aging population has become a burden, it is essential to study aging brain aiming to maintain cognitive integrity. Previous studies indicated that young blood improves the function of stem cells in organs including brain by heterochronic parabiosis model. However, data is lacking whether regeneration or beyond occurs by this model. The authors Villeda et al., hypothesizedRead MoreThe Fountain Of Health : A Disease Caused By Degeneration Of Your Brain962 Words   |  4 Pagesinjecting a young humans blood, which is someone who is very young and healthy, into someone who is old who is having issues and although some may argue that this isn’t ethical nor correct I believe that swapping young blood for old, to reverse aging should be allowed. First of all once people enter the aging process they also enter a point in their lives where they will be prone to many diseases, which includes diseases such as alzheimer s and heart-enlargement. In the article â€Å"Swapping Young blood forRead MoreAging Population A Growing Challenge1018 Words   |  5 Pages Radka. Aging population a growing challenge. Slovak Spectator 08 Sept. 2014: 12. Newspaper Source. Web. 18 Nov. 2015. In this article, Radka Minarechovà ¡ addresses the growing challenges associated with the fastest aging population in one of the European Union countries, known as Slovakia. As the elderly population increased, the productive working age deceased, which caused the country to suffer greatly based on their involvement in employment, society, independent living and aging preventionRead MoreResearchers at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute have recently shown that a protein called GDF11 has600 Words   |  3 PagesWager conducted an experiment observing the circulation of blood from a young mouse through an older mouse, with what seemed to be slight revival in the restoration of muscles. From there, last year Wagers and Rubin examined the effects of GDF11 on mice, first by means of a para-biotic system resonant of the one used in the prior experiment. The next step was to inject the elder mouse with GDF11, which was shown to reverse properties of aging. GDF11 is naturally found much more in younger mice thanRead MoreAging And Its Effects On The Aging1360 Words   |  6 Pagesover time. The changes include physical, social and psychological changes. Causes of aging are very uncertain. Besides, there are several factors which predispose an individual to premature aging. Current theories suggest that this process occurs to due to cellular damage such as DNA oxidation by free radicals causing biological systems to fail. Internal processes such as DNA methylation may also result in aging. Predisposing factors such as space escapades, use of chemically intoxicated substancesRead MoreEffects Of Aging On Aging And Aging1343 Words   |  6 Pagesover time. The changes include physical, social and psychological changes. Causes of aging are very uncertain. Besides, there are several factors which predispose an individual to premature aging. Current theories suggest that this process occurs to due to cellular damage such as DNA oxidation by free radicals causing biological systems to fail. Internal processes such as DNA methylation may also result in aging. Predisposing factors such as space escapades, use of chemically intoxicated substancesRead MoreA Study On Progeria Syndrome1656 Words   |  7 PagesProgeria is a syndrome that is extremely rare which causes premature aging in children. I found this disease very interesting because infants appear perfectly normal at birth but the aging process begins to happen very rapidly as early as 12 months. The young children will start displaying elderly characteristics as the disease progresses. These children will often die from old age diseases such as heart attacks, and strokes or related complications. The mayo clinic website indicates that progeriaRead MoreResearch Paper : North Carolina Central University1376 Words   |  6 Pages5820 North Carolina Central University I. Introduction (2 pages) Sexuality in aging is an interesting topic being that everyone will age and the information is vital to know. Countless amounts of people want and need to be close to others, as they grow older meaning they yearn to endure a lively, fulfilling sex life. With aging, there might be changes that can produce later difficulties and issues. Typical aging brings physical changes in both men and women. These changes occasionally disturbRead MoreThe Idea Of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( Fmri )858 Words   |  4 Pages The idea of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD). Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a technique used to visualize brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow. fMRI creates images of physiological activity correlated with neuronal activity. The idea of BOLD relies on the fact that, a certain activated area in the brain requires increased blood flow. The blood entering the area is oxygen enriched (oxygen ated hemoglobin) and resultsRead MoreDoes Aging Bring Sadness to an Athlete? Essay647 Words   |  3 Pagesyou participate in any sport. So being named an athlete is an honor because your skills are put to the test at all ages which leads to the question of: does aging bring only sadness to an athlete? In this essay, this question will be answered from many different points of view including external and internal validations. Firstly, can aging bring sadness to an athlete? This question can have multiple answers of yes and no, but with my agreement with A. E. Housman I believe athletes do get sad. Athletes

Rehabilitation And Treatment Of Rehabilitation - 870 Words

Rehabilitation, what is rehabilitation? Rehabilitation is the action of restoring someone to a normal life through training and therapy after incarcerated, addiction or illness. Rehabilitation can be used for an offender who has committed a crime and is incarcerated, someone who is struggling with addiction or illness. Rehabilitation was originated in 1779 by the British Government as part of the Penitentiary Act, rehabilitation would consist of punishment along with treatment for the offenders. (Benjamin Disraeli 2004). The purpose of rehabilitation is to treat the offender in order for the offender to return to society and be able to contribute, rehabilitation is also a punishment for breaking a law. Parole and mandatory release, what is the difference between the two. Parole is the release of an inmate before the inmate’s completion of their sentence, usually parole is given to an inmate that is a model inmate and has shown change and rehabilitation. The inmate is release on the terms that they will continue with positive, good behavior and will be a positive influence on society. Mandatory release is the release of an inmate due to the completion of the inmate’s sentence. An inmate must be released even if the inmate’s behavior has not changed or if the inmate has not been rehabilitated. The inmates completed the sentence given by the courts and must be released. Courts use probation as a form of punishment or sentencing. An offender who hasShow MoreRelatedTreatment And Treatment Of Rehabilitation941 Words   |  4 PagesTREATMENT Following a specific anterior cruciate ligament injury diagnosis, the first and most important decision for a patient is whether to undergo non-operative or operative management of the injury. In order to establish the most opportune method of treatment there are many components that must be considered, although the decision is ultimately dependent upon the age, activity level, and preferences of the patient. Most often, nonsurgical treatment is chosen for older, more sedentary individualsRead MoreTreatment And Treatment Of Rehabilitation954 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Rehabilitation can have two different meanings- to bring (someone or something) back to a normal healthy conditions after an illness, injury or drug problems; or to teach a criminal in prison to live a normal and productive life. Approaches to treatment range from individual to group methods. Correctional officers must discover what works for which offender in what context. History of Drugs Shamanism- a practice among primitive societies dating back, by some estimates, more than 40Read More`` Rehabilitation Treatment Of America `` By Etheridge Knight s Poem, Rehabilitation And Treatment1663 Words   |  7 PagesEtheridge Knight’s poem, â€Å"Rehabilitation Treatment in the Prisons of America† illustrates the effects of the Regan administration’s manipulation. In the poem, a convict with a capital â€Å"C†, enters an administration building, â€Å"to get assistance and counseling for his personal problems.† The Convict goes through a number of doors proclaiming titles like, â€Å"Counselor†, â€Å"Treatment†, â€Å"First Offender†, â€Å"Adult†, and â€Å"Democrat† before running through the final door and falling nine stories onto the streetRead MoreEffective Treatment Of A Rehabilitation Facility887 Words   |  4 Pagesintimate relationship to the Kowalskis. The family responded with disbelief and horror. They immediately limited Karen’s visitation. Animosity escalated as Karen disagreed with the Kowalskis about Sharon’s medical treatment. Karen advocated aggressive treatment in a rehabilitation facility with state-of-the-art brain injury services. Instead, Sharon’s parents placed her in a nursing home where Sharon vegetated. She was refused access to an electric wheelchair, typewriter, or computer to enableRead MoreMental Health Treatment And Rehabilitation1624 Words   |  7 Pageshealth field can provide are needed now more than ever. The following four agencies specialize in mental health treatment and rehabilitation. The Adult Mental Health Division (AMHD) of the State of Hawaii Department of Mental Health serves adults who require counseling services, those who have been diagnosed with a serious mental illness, adults who have been court ordered to treatment, victims of a natural disaster or terrorism, and those who are in crisis (â€Å"Access to Services† n.d.). They alsoRead MoreRehabilitation Is The Most Intensive Treatment Option For Recovery953 Words   |  4 PagesRehabilitation is the most intensive treatment option for recovery. Other names are Residential Treatment Program, inpatient substance abuse treatment, drug rehabilitation, or rehab. Rehabilitation provides three unique characteristics to enhance the opportunity for a successful recovery. Treatment is away from: 1. Home. 2. Access to drugs. 3. Contact with active substance abusers. The advantages of receiving intensive treatment away from home and without access to drugs and active drug abusersRead MoreThe Epidemiology, Treatment And Rehabilitation Of An Anterior Cruciate Ligament Essay2061 Words   |  9 PagesEpidemiology, Treatment and Rehabilitation of an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture Introduction The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is the most commonly injured ligament in the body (Spindler, 2008). Griffin (2005) estimated that around 80 000 to more than 250 000 ACL injuries occur each year. An anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACLR) can be a devastating injury to an athlete, as they encounter the possibility of reconstructive surgery alongside extensive months of rehabilitation. Also manyRead MoreRehabilitation Is Not Effective Treatment For Sex Offenders1853 Words   |  8 Pageswithout a second thought. Yes, child molesters should receive stricter jail time for their crimes. Rehab is not effective treatment for sex offenders. Often we see repeat offenders because of light sentencing by lenient judges. The children are left to deal with a lifetime of psychological, emotional, and/ or physical damage of these sex offenders. Rehab is not effective treatment for sex offenders. North Carolina prison system has developed rehab program for sex offenders called SOAR (Sexual OffenderRead MorePrison Corrections, Treatment Programs, Rehabilitation, And The Prevention Of Recidivism861 Words   |  4 PagesPrison corrections, treatment programs, rehabilitation, and the prevention of recidivism is a process that can only be measured in small percentage points†¦sometimes gaining, sometimes losing, and on an individual level, in the trenches, between the agents of the system and the offenders, a sometimes lumbering, attempt and daily challenge to hold ground. The nature of crime and punishment (rehabilitation and prevention) is fragile and tenuous by nature, with no grand sweeping touchdowns or grand slamsRead MoreThe Treatment Of A Patient s Rehabilitation Needs For Patients After Cancer Treatment Essay1812 Words   |  8 Pagesnot a new theme, however being the limiting variable was new for the research. Mikkelsen et al. (2008) explored the psychosocial rehabilitations needs for patients after cancer treatment that may not be met by the healthcare system, and fear of cancer relapse. Focused-interview with patients (N=15) used open-ended questions to explore former cancer patient’s rehabilitation needs. The interviews were transcribed and identified categories of need to include: (a) continuous support, (b) family support

Chemistry class xii project free essay sample

Theory What is rust? Rust is the common name of a compound, iron oxide. Iron oxide, the chemical Effie, is common because iron combines very readily with oxygen so readily, in fact, that pure Iron Is only rarely found In nature. Iron (or steel) rusting Is an example of corrosion an electrochemical process involving an anode (a piece of metal that readily gives up electrons), an electrolyte (a liquid that helps electrons move) and a cathode (a piece of metal that readily accepts electrons). Causes When a piece of metal corrodes, the electrolyte helps provide oxygen to the anode. As oxygen combines with the metal, electrons are liberated. When they flow through the electrolyte to the cathode, the metal of the anode disappears, swept away by the electrical flow or converted into metal actions in a form such as rust. For iron to become Iron oxide, three things are required: Iron, water and oxygen. Heres what happens when the three get together: When a drop of water hits an Iron object, two things begin to happen almost immediately. First, the water, a good electrolyte, combines with carbon dioxide in the air to form a weak carbonic acid, an even better electrolyte. As the acid is formed and the iron dissolved, some of the water will begin o break down Into Its component pieces hydrogen and oxygen. The free oxygen and dissolved iron bond into iron oxide, in the process freeing electrons. The electrons liberated from the anode portion of the iron flow to the cathode, which may be a piece of a metal less electrically reactive than iron, or another point on the piece of Iron Itself, Consequences Rusting has a number of effects on metal objects. It makes them look orange and rough. It makes them weaker, by replacing the strong Iron or steel with flaky powder. Some oxides on some metals such as aluminum form Just a thin layer on top which lows down further corrosion, but rust can slowly eat away at even the biggest piece of iron. If a piece of Irons strength Is important for safety, such as a bridge support or a cars brake caliper. It Is a good Idea to Inspect It for rust damage every now and then. Rust also can cause metal parts that are supposed to slide over one another to become stuck. Rust can make holes In sheet metal. Rusty car mufflers sometimes develop holes in them, and the sheet steel making the outer bodies of cars will often rust through, making holes. Rust Is a lot less magnetic than Iron. An iron magnet will probably still work almost as ell when It has a thin coating of rust on It, but If It has rusted so badly that most of the metal is gone, then it will not work very well as a magnet. 1 OFF which is a metallic conductor. So if some electrical connection is made with iron, its likely to go bad when the iron surface rusts. Rust is associated with degradation of iron-based tools and structures. As rust has a much higher volume than the originating mass of iron, its build-up can also cause failure by forcing apart adjacent parts ” a phenomenon sometimes known as rust packing. It was the cause of the collapse of the Missus river bridge in 1983, when he bearings rusted internally and pushed one corner of the road slab off its support. Rust was also an important factor in the Silver Bridge disaster of 1967 in West Virginia, when a steel suspension bridge collapsed in less than a minute, killing 46 drivers and passengers on the bridge at the time. Prevention and Protection Because of the widespread use and importance of iron and steel products, the prevention or slowing of rust is the basis of major economic activities in a number of specialized technologies. A brief overview of methods is presented here; for detailed overage, see the cross-referenced articles. Rust is permeable to air and water, therefore the interior metallic iron beneath a rust layer continues to corrode. Rust prevention thus requires coatings that preclude rust formation. Some methods of prevention of rusting are as follows: Gallivanting:- Globalization consists of an application on the object to be protected of a layer of metallic zinc by either hot-dip gallivanting or electroplating. Zinc is traditionally used because it is cheap, adheres well to steel, and provides catholic protection to the steel surface in case of damage of the zinc layer. In more corrosive environments (such as salt water), cadmium plating is preferred. Coating and Painting:- Rust formation can be controlled with coatings, such as paint, lacquer, or varnish that isolate the iron from the environment. Large structures with enclosed box sections, such as ships and modern automobiles, often have a wax-based product (technically a slashing oil) injected into these sections. Such treatments usually also contain rust inhibitors. Covering steel with concrete can provide some protection to steel because of the alkaline pH environment at the steel-concrete interface. Humidity Control:- Rust can be avoided by controlling the moisture in the atmosphere. An example of this is the use of silica gel packets to control humidity in equipment shipped by sea. Metal Coupling:-Len this method, the iron is coupled with other metal and if the metal is above iron in electrochemical series(meaner more electrostatics)then in the galvanic cell is formed by the contact of the iron and that metal, iron will go under reduction it will be safe from rusting. If the metal is below iron in electrochemical series then iron will go under oxidation and rusting will be facilitated.

Robin Lee Essays (253 words) - Biotechnology, Preventive Medicine

Robin Lee Ms. Kayla Murphy English 9 Sept 21, 2015 Vaccinating Kid Should Be a Parental Choice Life is important and as everybody knows, preventing people from deadly illnesses is also very important. It is strange that some people don ' t believe that vaccinations are effective. Despite years of scientific research and testing, people still choose to be ignorant and hard-headed. Vaccinations should not be a topic of debate because vaccines available have been tested and proven that they are effective. If vaccines weren ' t prove, doctors weren ' t be able to use vaccines but it has been approved by government and CDC so people should have faith to the government, CDC, and to the doctors. There are many different kinds of illness threatening the lives of people. Prevention is always better than to get something unexpected without preventing. When treating illnesses, it costs a lot of money and time to treat it. Vaccinations can not only prevent from illnesses but it also takes a little time and money. I think that getting vaccinations on their children means that they love their children and don ' t want them to become sick. But, when I see people who disagree with getting vaccinations on their children, it means that they don ' t really care about suffering their child from illness when they get the illness. Some parents don ' t think about how much money, time and suffering their children would have after having an illness.

The process of european union integrated border management The WritePass Journal

The process of european union integrated border management Introduction The process of european union integrated border management Introduction1. The Concept of the Schengen2. The Integration of the Schengen Acquis into the European Union3. Towards Integrated Border ManagementConclusionRelated Introduction 1. The Concept of the Schengen For the establishment of a common market, the abolition of any obstacles on the mobility of people was deemed to be a necessary pre-condition (Carrera, 2005, p. 700). According to Gogou (2006, p. 2) there are two parallel and competing methods for achieving the free movement of persons: the intergovernmental cooperation and the community approach. Member States introduced informal regular structures for the exchange of information on internal security problems since the mid-1970s (Gogou, 2006, p. 2-3).   As a first step, the member states developed the structure of Terrorism, Radicalism, Extremism, and International Violence Group, or TREVI Group. It was set up in 1975 and comprised interior and justice ministers as well as police chiefs (Edwards Meyer, 2008, p. 8). It was initially a forum for exchanging information regarding organised crime and terrorism (Casale, 2008, p. 50). The TREVI Group lasted until 1992, when it was replaced by the provisions of the Maastricht Third Pillar involving immigration and asylum, policing, customs and legal co-operation (Casale, 2008, p. 50). On the other hand, intergovernmental co-operation between EU Member States regarding issues of external border security started in a systematic way in the second half of the 1980s within the Schengen context (Monar, 2006, p. 193). France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands decided to create a territory without internal borders in 1985 (Haider, 2002, p. 473). The purpose of the Schengen Area was to bring people closer together in a Europe without visible internal borders. The aim was to allow for the free movement of people and goods by removing all controls at the common borders of the participating states (Batt, 2003, p. 5-6). The Schengen Agreement increased the freedom of movement of people between countries that have implemented the agreement by abolishing passport controls; in addition, visitors to the Schengen Area require only one visa that is good for all Schengen countries (Bogdanyi Lewis, 2008, p. 1). On the other hand, the EU set up a ‘three-pillar’ system of decision-making under the Maastricht treaty (1992). The first pillar contained the EU’s single market and other policy areas where the European Commission has the right to draft laws (Brady Barysch, 2007, p. 5). The Maastricht Treaty created the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), as the 2nd pillar and the inter-governmental Justice and Home Affairs (JHA), as the 3rd pillar of the EU (Bomberg Peterson Stubb, 2008, p. 2). The third pillar, for JHA, originally covered EU cooperation in four policy areas: policing, criminal justice, immigration and asylum, and border management (Brady Barysch, 2007, p. 5). The actual Schengen Convention was ratified in June 1990 and came into effect in March of 1995, by which time several other states had agreed to the EU framework including Italy, Spain, and Portugal (Michael, 2008, p. 3). The Convention contained more general provisions on police cooperation, extradition, other issues of criminal justice cooperation, on narcotic drugs, firearms and the Schengen Information System (SIS) (Gogou, 2006, p. 3). SIS was established in the Schengen Convention (Title IV). The SIS came into effect in 1995 (Michael, 2008, p. 3). The SIS was developed to enable the authorities designated by each Member State to have access by an automated search procedure to alerts on persons and property for the purpose of border checks and other police and customs checks (Carrera, 2005, p. 7). Member states supply information to the system through national networks (N-SIS) connected to a central system (C-SIS), and this IT system is supplemented by a network known as SIRENE (Supplementary Information Request at the National Entry) (Rowan, 2009, p. 237). In 2001 SIS was expanded into SIS I+ in response to the inclusion of the Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway and Iceland, and in 2007 SISone4all was put in place to manage the enlargement of the Schengen Area to encompass nine of the countries that acceded to the EU in 2004 (Czech republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia) (Parkin, 2009, p. 4). Second generation of the SIS II is currently under development under the responsibility of the European Commission. Its deployment is currently planned in the first quarter of 2013 (Hartmann, 2010, p. 5). Monar (2006, p. 193) points out that Schengen system was based on the idea that common standards, procedures and even certain common instruments such as the SIS. Intergovernmental cooperation had advantages for Member States. They could escape any form of political control by the European Parliament (Gogou, 2006, p. 3-4) and jurisdictional control of the European Court of Justice or other social actors (Rosonow, 2009, p. 141). 2. The Integration of the Schengen Acquis into the European Union Schengen Acquis was transferred into the European Union framework on 1 May 1999 with the Treaty of Amsterdam, the Schengen area was expanded step by step beyond the original five member states (Lavenex, 2009, p. 1). Indeed external borders policies were transferred from the Third Pillar to (First Pillar) Title IV TEC named Visas, asylum, immigration and other policies related to free movement of persons (TEC Articles 62-69). Therefore, these matters therefore do not belong to national policies and legislation at the individual level (Tanguay Therrien, 2010, p. 4). The Treaty of Lisbon of 2009 significantly amended the provisions of the articles in Title IV TEC, renamed the title to Area of Freedom, Security and Justice and introduced into EU primary law the concept of an integrated management system for external borders. Articles 77-80 TFEU replaced Articles 62-69 TEC as the legal base for any measure dealing with visas and borders (Hartmann, 2010, p. 1). Article 77 (ex Article 62 TEC) provides the absence of any controls on persons, whatever their nationality, when crossing internal borders; carrying out checks on persons and efficient monitoring of the crossing of external borders; and the gradual introduction of an integrated management system for external borders. This development was crucial. According to Gogou (2006, p. 4) the Amsterdam Treaty put an end to the competition between intergovernmental cooperation and community approach for the implementation of the Schengen rules. The integration of the Schengen into the EU framework has resulted in special arrangements for three EU member states. The UK and Ireland had specific protocols which allow them to opt out of EU common policies concerning Schengen and the area of freedom security and justice (Duff, 2008, p. 5). The reasons for opt out; that the UK, as an island, has a comparative advantage in the field of border politics. Therefore, the government maintains that based on its geographic location the UK’s immigration control is reduced to certain main ports of entry such as airport, seaports, and the Channel tunnel. Joining Schengen would mean significant changes in UK border politics (Wiener, 1999, p. 446). â€Å"British governments maintains that police-free borders would be tantamount to throwing open the door for international criminals† (BBC, 1997). However, these countries have possibility to opt-in at a later stage, adopt and implement certain or all of the Schengen clauses at any time on the basis of an enabling Council Decision (Gogou, 2006, p. 6-7). At the same time, the UK and Ireland participated in the Schengen aspects that are not related to border control, such as the SIS with the exception of alerts relating to third country nationals (Parkin, 2011, p. 4). On the other hand, Denmark is a member of Schengen, but has a special arrangement. The Protocol on the Position of Denmark grants this Member State an opt-out from Title IV TEC which is in substance and procedures very similar to the British and Irish. However, Danish case is obviously more complicated because Denmark is a member of Schengen. Denmark has six months time to decide whether it will implement any Council decision building on the Schengen Acquis into national law (Monar, 1999, p. 12-13). Gogou, (2006, p. 7) claims that the effect of this regime is clearly to bypass the jurisdictional control of the European Court of Justice, and has an impact on community law in the area of the implementation of the Danish decision to opt-in. On the other hand, candidate states were not being offered the opportunity to negotiate similarly flexible arrangements like the UK, Ireland, and Denmark (Grabbe, 2000, p. 503). Poungh (2003, p. 648) stresses that new members have to comply with Schengen Acquis in full before benefiting from the advantages in terms of abolition of internal border controls and free movement of persons (as cited in Rowan, 2009, p. 237). At present, 22 EU Member States and 3 Non-EU states are part of the Schengen Area. Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain implemented the Schengen agreement in 1995. They were followed by Italy and Austria in 1997, Greece in 2000, and Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway and Iceland in 2001(Norway and Iceland are not in the EU). Nine more EU countries joined in 2007, after the EUs eastward enlargement in 2004. They are: the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. Switzerland, which is not in the EU, implemented the agreement in December 2008 (BBC, 2011a). There is no date yet for Cyprus, which joined the EU in 2004, or for Bulgaria and Romania, which joined in 2007. Bulgaria and Romania have to fulfil a series of requirements. Andorra, and San Marino are not part of Schengen, but they no longer have checks at their borders (BBC, 2011a). Liechtenstein signed a protocol on the accession to the implementation of the Schengen Acquis on 28 February, 2008. The official Schengen incorporation is expected in the second half of 2011 (Liechtenstein, 2011). Schengen Area consists of 25 European countries, covering a population of over 400 million people and an area of 4,312,099 km ² with 10,000 km ² of land borders, 50,000 km ² of sea borders and 1,792 official border-crossing points (Hartmann, 2010, p. 6). 3. Towards Integrated Border Management Member States expressed the political will to reinforce their policy in particular for the management of external borders. The Laeken European Council of 14-15 December 2001already recognised that ‘better management of the Union’s external border controls will help in the fight against terrorism, illegal immigration networks and the traffic in human beings (Hobbing, 2006b, p. 169). The Eurpean Council asked the Council and the European Commission to work out ‘arrangements for co-operation between services responsible for external border control and to examine the conditions in which a mechanism or common services to control external borders could be created’ (Council of the European Union 2001, Conclusion No. 42 of the Laeken Council.). This represented a revolution, a first breakthrough, in EU-history, of Member States’ monopoly in implementing and enforcing EU legislation at the borders. (Hobbing, 2006b, p. 169). Commission called for a more â€Å"coherent strategy† on European border management and identified as a core element of the latter the creation of a European border guard. (Carrera, 2010, p.2). The conclusion of the European Council initiated a discussion on a new topic called ‘integrated border management. (Hobbing, 2006, p.1). On the basis of the Council conclusions and in order to respond to the new challenge of the enlargement, a ‘Catalogue of recommendations for the correct application of the Schengen acquis and best practices for external border controls, removal and readmission’ was elaborated by the Council on February 2002. It is a practical instrument listing a series of measures for the correct implementation of the Schengen rules and dressing up a non exhaustive set of working methods for its optimal application. (Gogou, 2006, p. 11). The Commission built upon the Council’s request and released a communication entitled â€Å"Towards integrated border management of the external borders of the member states of the European Union† on 7 May 2002. (Communication to the Council and the European Parliament, Brussels, 7 May 2002, COM (2002) 233 final, 28p). , this Communication proposed a gradual move towards an ‘integrated management’ of external borders, which would start with a consolidation and codification of common rules and standards for external border controls. (Monar, 2006, p. 195).It would continue, inter alia, with the creation of an ‘External borders practitioners’ common unit’ and various other co-operation mechanisms, leading then to financial burden-sharing mechanisms, and, finally, to a ‘European Corps of Border Guards’. (Monar, 2006, p. 196). In a similar fashion, in June 2002 the Seville European Council on 21–22 June 2002 Council adopted the action plan for the (Carrera, 2010, p. 3). management of the external borders of the member states of the European Union,17 where for the first time it confirmed its political willingness to seriously consider the European Border Guard proposal. (Carrera, 2010, p. 4). In the action plan, the Council also stressed that this common corps would not be destined to replace national services but only to support them. (Carrera, 2010, p. 4). European Border Guard was also presented as a key institutional tool to foster the principle of solidarity and a fair sharing of responsibility between the old and new EU member states. The initiative, however, was received with cold reactions by countries such as Poland and Slovenia, which expressed concern in relation to its potential impact over their national sovereignty and constitutional prerogatives. (Hobbing, 2006, p. 163).   On the basis of the 2002 Action Plan significant progress has been made towards the ‘integrated management’ of external borders through enhanced operational cooperation and coordination between national border guard forces, institutionalisation of the cooperation process regarding external borders, and burden-sharing in the domain of external border controls. (Monar, 2006, p. 200). According to Monar (2006, p. 196) there are different possible models for a European Border Guard, which are ultimately based on different political concepts on how far ‘integration’ should go in the area of external border controls. These models can be summarised as follows: (Monar, 2006, p. 196). The first model which may be called the ‘integrated force model’ would involve the creation, surely only in a longer-term perspective, of an integrated border guard force under the authority of the Council. It would have a common command structure and common training and equipment standards, financed through the EU budget. It would also be vested with full law enforcement powers at external borders, partially or (eventually) totally replacing national border police forces. (Monar, 2006, p. 196-7). The second model which may be called the ‘network model’ would mean the creation of a European Border Guard as a network of national border guard units. According to this model units would continue to exist as separate national forces, but they would be subject to common instructions issued by a Council body and based on common training and equipment standards. Certain parts of the national border guards could be trained and equipped to constitute a contingency reserve (or ‘rapid response force’) consisting of national units able to merge into joint units, and capable of being deployed at particular ‘hot spots’ at external borders upon request and approval by the Council body. (Monar, 2006, p. 197). It appears that the first model would be the most easy and efficient. However, it is believed that would be the most difficult to implement. According to Monar (2006, p.197) there are political obstacle. Most Member States are reluctant to create any supranational body in the law enforcement field, and to confer law enforcement powers within their area on officials from other Member States. Also the new Central and Eastern European Member States got back their full national sovereignty only at the end of the Cold War, most of these new Member States are wary of the creation of further supranational structures at the EU level restricting their sovereignty. The integrated force model would require considerable changes to national legislation, and constitution. An integrated force would need to be created through the merger of national forces, which up to now are marked by major differences in terms of tasks, structures, training and equipment. Integrated border guard force will cause the language problems. The UK House of Lords report (2003) highlighted the â€Å"danger of misunderstanding as a result of languages and other differences†. (Carrera, 2010, p. 5). On the other hand, the second ‘network’ model would clearly be easier to implement. Under the network model (Monar, 2006, p. 198). However, according to Monar (2006, p.198) there are number of specific problems with the network model of a European Border Guard. Under this model, national forces would continue to exist. Therefore the effectiveness of the network would heavily depend on all of these separate forces implementing external border control standards and procedures as uniformly as possible in line with the common guidelines issued by the Council body. Also Member States are most likely to resist any major changes to their national services in charge of border controls, especially if these are perceived to be costly and contrary to well established national traditions. (Monar, 2006, p. 198). However, this model would require a major effort in training, language learning and standardisation of equipment. The Greek Presidency at the European Council in Thessaloniki in June 2003, the Member States agreed, on 16 October 2004, on the establishment of an Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders (Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe 2004). (Monar, 2006, p. 204). FRONTEX Agency was set up in order to promote integrated border management. (Jorry, 2007, p.8). The EU acquis on external borders, and its IBM, are now part of the main legal, institutional and financial foundations. Since 2005, Frontex has been in charge of coordinating operational cooperation among the border services of the EU member states.42 (Carrera, 2010, p.8) One year later Frontex’s activities were complemented by the adoption of the Community Code on the rules governing the movement of persons across the borders (the SBC),43 which offers a more transparent and common set of harmonised rules and procedures for crossing the external borders of the EU.44 This has been accompanied by the adoption of the external borders fund in 2007,45 which has been politically presented as a key component of the principle of solidarity on (Carrera, 2010, p. 8) border controls in an enlarged EU by financing border-crossing infrastructure, equipment and projects as well as the exchange and training of staff. (Carrera, 2010, p. 9). The SBC has also codified a common European understanding of the ways in which border controls should be carried out across the Union, which has had deep repercussions regarding ‘who’ is to be considered a border guard and the kinds of activities and tasks falling under the scope of external border controls in Europe. (Carrera, 2010, p. 9). Conclusion Consequently, IBM rules cannot easily be located within just one framework; they are spread across a number of legal and administrative instruments. They represent a multi-layered compilation of provisions, with only the basic ones found in formal legal texts such as the Treaty on the European Community or the Schengen instruments of 1985-90, while much of the rest has been adopted through informal arrangements, e.g. the Common Manual on external borders adopted by the Schengen Executive Committee (Council of the European Union, 2002a) and the Catalogue of Best Practices drawn up by the Working Party on Schengen Evaluation.17 (Hobbing, 2006, p.165).

Direct Mail and Email Advertising Research Paper - 1

Direct Mail and Email Advertising - Research Paper Example The report examines direct marketing as a method of sending advertising messages to potential and existing customers through direct mail. It highlights the major advantages and disadvantages of this method as a traditional method of advertisement. This method is costly and customers may not read the intended ad message. Email advertising involves the conveyance of advertisement messages through email. With the rise of internet technology, emails are becoming easy and fast methods of sending emails. It is less costly and generates more customer response than direct mail advertising. Email marketing is considered as the most suitable method of advertisement because it is less costly, easy, fast and effective. It generates more customer responses than direct mail and earns more returns on investment. However, the retailer should avoid sending email messages too often and send only relevant information targeted at specific individual customers who demonstrate an interest in the companyâ €™s products. Working as a marketing consultant in Big Consultant Company, my aim is to advise a retail marketer in the High Street who has approached our company for consultancy services. The client wants to choose the best method to advertise his retail products to target customers. He is faced with a rhetoric situation in which he has to choose between direct mail and email advertising to advertise his products. The retailer sells electronic devices including computers, mobile phones and tablets to customers on order. He already has a large number of customers within his neighborhood, but he wants to expand to other neighborhoods. He has already generated a large database of potential customers including university and college students. He is now wondering which method he should use to communicate with them. Direct mail and email advertising are his most preferable methods.

Effect of war on the African Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Effect of war on the African - Essay Example The negative effect of war is less on Sudan than on other countries - The country of Sudan was inhabited by the Muslim about fifty percent in the north and forty percent by the Christians in the South of the Sudan and a little part was indigenous tribal groups. They were forced to accept the religion of Islamic and when they resisted it they were harassed and food was used as weapon in doing so.The Arabic people staying in the north Sudan are defining terms and conditions for national identity on the basis of Islamic culture and norms. The non-Muslims or the African tribals who are converted into Christianity were not given posts in the constitution. And thus the civil war that broke out during the formation of the government is still continuing till now. Many Christians, as many as five million migrated to Chad and other countries of Africa to escape the forced Islamic culture and those who didn't migrate were made slaves, raped, killed and their houses were burnt by the Muslim terr orist militia.The statistics say about half a million were killed which is less when compared to other war affected countries like Uganda, Somalia and Ethiopia. These terrorists come on the horses with weapons and raid the centers, throw bombs in public areas, devastating and disastrous civil war of the world. But whatever loss has occured, it occured only to Christians and Muslims were safe in the northern Sudan.Also it was found that south Sudan has huge resources of oil reserves for which there was great demand and that can be the main reason for which the area was not destroyed and instead people were made to ran away and leave the country for those who desired those oil reserves.

Ford automobile analysing the vertical integration Essay

Ford automobile analysing the vertical integration - Essay Example Generally, it is the level at which an organization controls the main suppliers and buyers, and aims at improving marketplace supremacy (Katie, 2013). In the early 20th century, Ford Corporation built a manufacturing empire unlike any other before or after based on vertical integration. Ford had chosen to produce the components and materials for its famous Model T passenger car instead of sourcing them from independent contractors or suppliers. The company also bought glass and steel mills to produce steels and window screens for its cars. In addition, Ford acquired huge tracts of land in Asia and Brazil to grow rubber trees to meet its requirements for tyre materials. These efforts culminated in the construction of the massive Rogue plant that ensured full control of all the resources that were necessary in the production of the automobiles. The first model T cars retailed at $850 but the price fell to $440 and eventually to $290 in 1925. The approach had been able to provide better quality cars at much lower prices and thus progressively increase the company’s market share. (Lu, 2011). On the other hand, General Motors, Ford’s main business rival, adopted the multi-divisional approach later on and integrated the various independent firms that were held under the umbrella firm. This ensured that the overall financial and directional decisions were made at the corporate headquarters and the operating decisisons were left to the various divisions. The large scale vertical integration was meant to achieve various objectives. Scholars believe that this was aimed at increasing control, capturing profitability from upstream suppliers, and exerting marketing dominance. This strategy was suitable with the prevailing market environment, which seemed to have enduring demand and low prices determined the market leader. However, despite the soaring sales figures, the approach also had some weaknesses. These included rigidity in asset deployment, modification of product lines and responses to demand changes (Harrigan, 2003). Analysis The Ford Motor Corporation held the dominant position in the automobile industry during the 1910s and 1920s. It held the largest market share and even briefly went over the 50 percent mark. It also reported the highest profits due to its better manufacturing innovation and a reputable brand name. in addition, its main competitors had less superior production technologies and felt the immense pressure from Ford’s market dominance and the low prices. Henry Ford was highly motivated by the vision of producing good and low-priced motor cars for the entire public and the development of technology used to mass-manufacture the cars. His ability to provide substantially lower prices than his closest competitors gave his company the flexibility to pursue these objectives. For instance, Ford’s Model T car was retailing at US$440 while the closest competitor was a Willys-Overland vehicle that was sold fo r US$ 895 (Rosenbaum, 1998). The company had started with the construction of its Highland Park plant in the 1910s, which consisted of a huge capital investment. The multi-storey building became the largest in Michigan state. Its large and open floors provided room for machinery arrangement, and the huge windows provided ventilation and natural lighting. This made the plant a good model for design of factories. In addition, it combined a foundry, a machine shop and a power plant, which brought various stages of automobile

The Character Odysseus in Homers Odyssey :: Odyssey essays

The Character Odysseus in Odyssey "Odyssey" is an epic story that has been a significant piece of literature since it was first composed and will remain so for ages to come. One of the reasons it has been so is because of the hero, Odysseus. Odysseus is one of the first Greek mythic heroes renowned for his brain as well as his muscle. Indeed he is a man with an inquiring mind, and he is also a man with outstanding prowess and bravery" (123helpme.com/assets/3603.html). "We also must not forget that he is a top-notch athlete which only adds more to this seemingly insuperable character. It is no wonder why many scholars refer to Odysseus as a powerful mythic hero. "Odysseus often hesitates before acting, because he uses his reason and gift to evaluate things. This patience is one of his most important additional attributes"(library.thinkquest.org/19300/data/Odyssey/odysseus.html). It saved him and his men many times. "When the poem opens, it is the tenth year since the fall of Troy, and Odysseus has not yet returned to his home in the island of Ithaca, but is detained in Ogygia, an island in the west, by the nymph Calypso" (bartleby.com/22/1001.html Homer (fl. 850 B.C.). The Odyssey. The Harvard Classics. 1909-14). "In disguise as an old friend of Odysseus', Athena travels to his manor in Ithaka, now overrun with noisy, lustful suitor's intent on marrying Odysseus' wife, Penelope. Odysseus' son, Telemakhos, unhappy among the suitors, greets Athena warmly as a stranger and invites her to their feast. As the suitors devour Odysseus' oxen, Telemakhos says he believes his father - whom he does not know at all - is dead."(gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/odyssey/summ1.html). "He is so unsure of his own identity that he refuses to affirm without qualification his relationship to Odysseus. Athena introduces herself as Odysseus' old friend Mentes and predicts that he will be home soon. Telemakhos matures from a callow, helpless youth into a stronger, more confident man" (Approaches to Teaching Homer's Iliad and Odyssey ). "Just as Odysseus' story is about returning home to his old identity, Telemakhos' is about forging a new one; as A thena tells him, "You are a child no longer"."(gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/odyssey/summ1.html). As Telemakhos' develops from youth to man inspired by Athena, especially her favorable comparisons between him and his father; he stands up against the suitors in his assembly. "Failing in an attempt to get the Ithacans to help him to assert his rights, Telemakhos sets out for Pylus under the guidance of the goddess Athena, who is disguised as Mentes, a friendly chief.

SURPLUS STYLES

Derrick should take to solve his problem. Derrick should firstly identify the factors that this organic process would entail. He has to ensure that whatever adjustments in the supply chain strategy he will implement should drive and support the business strategy as a well designed supply chain can provide competitive advantage. In order to continue leveraging the competition and maintain the same path of gaining costs reductions and compete on a cost productivity advantage he can opt to increase sales volumes or utilize an efficient supply chain network.Efficient apply chain network can increase efficiency and improve productivity as such reduce overall cost per unit. He should research potential suppliers assess the cost of possible outsourcing also identify key tech oenology to assist with this new direction. Establishing and building new relationships through the supply chain will be paramount since the Strategy has now changed.Investigating the competition, possible merchants and associated costs of other suppliers should be an avenue to pursue as even though the focus was initially on costs the priorities have now shifted as organic and CEO friendly rodents are more expensive than regular products. Getting all aspects of the chain aligned and workable to fit the modified supply chain design should take precedence. Should Derrick ask for the required changes from the current suppliers? If they do not comply, should he solicit new suppliers?How might he do this? It is definitely k for Derrick to ask for the required changes from the current supplier. He has maintained and fostered a relationship with them over the years and this can also be viewed as part of building further relationships in the supply chain. If they are not familiar with organic CEO roundly products they could be afforded the first opportunity to continue business provided they are willing to facilitate the request. This can mean new future potential business for them as well.If they do not comply then he reserves the right to research and seek out other possible vendors. This new direction of organic products that the company has undertaken comes with great responsibility as the company's bottom line is dependent on it. The company with the help of Derrick has in the past successfully competed on cost and has used competitive bidding to select suppliers and award yearlong contracts. He should be able to procure the same with the new specifications and supply chain design. Should Derrick go through a competitive bid in the future?If so, should he do it for all purchased products or just some products? Based on the high level of competitive environment experienced in today's marketplace garnering a sustainable competitive advantage is definitely a priority for companies. Even though organic products are more expensive he should still try to minimize costs. Utilizing a competitive bid process in the future could be recommended for Derrick as this strategy has worked eff ectively in the past for the company. This can be used for obtaining the best products at cheaper costs.Continuing on the same path should assist him to maintain and align all factors such as costing, innovation, distribution, and product quality and customer service as part of the supply chain strategy. What are the differences when looking for suppliers to meet cost standards versus quality standards? The quality of a product is usually lacking if costs is the only thing a company is focused on. Most companies who compete on costs are only focused at offering the lowest price possible. This strategy requires going to the cheapest suppliers rather than focusing on gig quality components.

Hypergiants the Most Massive Stars in the Universe

The universe is filled with stars of all sizes and types. The biggest ones out there are called hypergiants, and they dwarf our tiny Sun. Not only that, but some of them can be truly weird. Hypergiants are tremendously bright and packed with enough material to make a million stars like our own. When theyre born, they take up all the available starbirth material in the area and live their lives fast and hot. Hypergiants are born through the same process as other stars and shine the same way, but beyond that, they are very, very different from their tinier siblings.   Learning about Hypergiants Hypergiant stars  were first identified separately from other supergiants because they are significantly brighter; that is, they have a larger luminosity  than others. Studies of their light output also show that these stars are losing mass very rapidly. That mass loss is one defining characteristic of a hypergiant. The others include their temperatures (very high) and their masses (up to many times the mass of the Sun). Creation of Hypergiant Stars All stars form in clouds of gas and dust, no matter what size they end up being. Its a process that takes millions of years, and eventually the star turns on when it starts to fuse hydrogen in its core. Thats when it moves onto a period of time in its evolution called the  main sequence. This term refers to a chart of stellar evolution that astronomers use to understand the life of a star. All stars spend the majority of their lives on the main sequence, steadily fusing hydrogen. The bigger and more massive a star is, the more quickly it uses up its fuel. Once the hydrogen fuel in any stars core is gone, the star essentially leaves the main sequence and evolves  into a different type. That happens with all stars. The big difference comes at the end of a stars life. And, thats dependent on its mass. Stars like the Sun end their lives as planetary nebulae, and blow their masses out to space in shells of gas and dust. When we get to hypergiants and their lives, things get really interesting. Their deaths can be pretty awesome catastrophes. Once these high-mass stars have exhausted their hydrogen, they expand to become much-larger supergiant stars. The Sun actually will do the same thing in the future, but on a much smaller scale. Things change inside these stars, too. The expansion is caused as the star begins to fuse helium into carbon and oxygen. That heats the interior of the star up, which eventually causes the exterior to swell. This process helps them avoid collapsing in on themselves, even as they heat up. At the supergiant stage, a star oscillates between several states. It will be a red supergiant  for a while, and then when it starts to fuse other elements in its core, it can become a  blue supergiant. IN between such a star can also appear as a  yellow supergiant as it transitions. The different colors are due to the fact that the star is swelling in size to hundreds of times the radius of our Sun in the red supergiant phase, to less than 25 solar radii in the blue supergiant phase. In these supergiant phases, such stars lose mass quite rapidly and therefore are quite bright. Some supergiants are brighter than expected, and astronomers studied them in more depth. It turns out the hypergiants are some of the most massive stars ever measured and their aging process is much more exaggerated.   Thats the basic idea behind how a hypergiant grows old. The most intense process is suffered by stars that are more than a hundred times the mass of our Sun. The largest is more than 265 times its mass, and incredibly bright. Their brightness and other characteristics led astronomers to give these bloated stars a new classification:  hypergiant. They are essentially supergiants (either red, yellow or blue) that have very high mass, and also high mass-loss rates. Detailing the Final Death Throes of Hypergiants Because of their high mass and luminosity, hypergiants only live a few million years. Thats a pretty short lifespan for a star. By comparison, the Sun will live about 10 billion years.  Their short lifespans mean that they go from baby stars to hydrogen-fusion very quickly, they exhaust their hydrogen quite fast, and move into the supergiant phase long before their smaller, less-massive, and ironically, longer-lived stellar siblings (like the Sun). Eventually, the core of the hypergiant will fuse heavier and heavier elements until the core is mostly iron. At that point, it takes more energy to fuse iron into a heavier element than the core has available. Fusion stops. The temperatures and pressures in the core that held the rest of the star in whats called hydrostatic equilibrium (in other words, the outward pressure of the core pushed against the heavy gravity of the layers above it) are no longer enough to keep the rest of the star from collapsing in on itself. That balance is gone, and that means its catastrophe time in the star. What happens?  It collapses, catastrophically. The collapsing upper layers collide with the core, which is expanding. Everything then rebounds back out. Thats what we see when a supernova explodes. In the case of the hypergiant, the catastrophic death isnt just a supernova. Its going to be a hypernova.  In fact, some theorize that instead of a typical Type II supernova, something called a  gamma-ray burst (GRB) would happen. Thats an incredibly strong outburst, blasting surrounding space with incredible amounts of stellar debris and strong radiation.   Whats left behind? The most likely result of such a catastrophic explosion will be either a  black hole, or perhaps a neutron star or magnetar, all surrounded by a shell of expanding debris many, many light-years across.  Thats the ultimate, weird end for a star that lives fast, dies young: it leaves behind a gorgeous scene of destruction. Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.